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31.
32.
Shiro Matsuoka 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》1997,102(2):213-228
The high frequency end of the relaxation spectrum for polymer molecules involves the rotation of the segmental bonds. This fast relaxation process, however, cannot take place easily in the condensed state crowded by the densely packed conformers, necessitating the slower cooperatively synchronous relaxation. As the temperature is lowered, the domain of cooperativity grows towards the infinite size at the Kauzmann zero entropy temperature, though actually the system deviates from the equilibrium as the glass transition intervenes typically at 50 K above that temperature. The excess enthalpy and entropy drop faster than predicted by the rotational isomeric states which would reach zero only at 0 K. The real ΔCP is greater than that of the RIS value. The actual volume in excess of the crystalline lattice volume, however, points towards zero at 0 K. Thus, a polymer with higher Tg typically exhibits a lower density and modulus in the glassy state. Since the configurational entropy associated with the free volume is proportional to the logarithm of the latter, the Kauzmann temperature can be scaled by ln M, where M is the algebraic average of the conformer molecular weight. The temperature dependence of the most dominant, i.e., the largest equilibrium domain size will result in the Adam-Gibbs and Vogel equations for the characteristic relaxation time. The cooperative domain distribution leads to the relaxation spectrum that follows a power law. The relationship between the characteristic relaxation time and the rate of physical aging is derived. 相似文献
33.
本文推荐陈林根编著的《工程化学》对化学热力学基本公式△G=△H-T△S的引出方法,试探基础教学的改革。 相似文献
34.
35.
利用独立分量分析法去除地震噪声 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
独立分量分析(ICA)作为盲源分离(BSS)的一种新方法,是分解观测数据中独立信息的有力工具。以往的ICA算法一般假设噪声可以忽略不计,而实际的观测数据中又常常包含一些加性噪声。对于加性噪声的影响不能忽略的情况下,改进的ICA算法首先利用非零时间滞后协方差,应用两步特征值分解法(EVD)可成功地去除部分加性噪声的影响;再利用ICA算法就能更好地分离出原信号。本文通过对地震理论模型和实际资料的试验,说明改进的ICA算法能够有效地克服加性噪声对常规ICA算法的影响,能够分离出地震资料中的有效信号,从而实现利用独立分量分析压制地震资料噪声的目的。 相似文献
36.
Shannon’s entropy plays an important role in the context of information theory. Since this entropy is not applicable to a system which has survived for some units of time, the concept of residual entropy has been developed in the literature. Here we generalize the residual entropy by choosing a convex function ? with ?(1) = 0. In this paper, some orderings and aging properties have been defined in terms of the generalized residual entropy function and their properties have been studied. Quite a few results available in the literature have been generalized and some distributions (viz. uniform, exponential, Pareto, power series, finite range) have been characterized through the generalized residual entropy. 相似文献
37.
Sánchez-Meca Julio; Marín-Martínez Fulgencio; Chacón-Moscoso Salvador 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,8(4):448
It is very common to find meta-analyses in which some of the studies compare 2 groups on continuous dependent variables and others compare groups on dichotomized variables. Integrating all of them in a meta-analysis requires an effect-size index in the same metric that can be applied to both types of outcomes. In this article, the performance in terms of bias and sampling variance of 7 different effect-size indices for estimating the population standardized mean difference from a 2 × 2 table is examined by Monte Carlo simulation, assuming normal and nonnormal distributions. The results show good performance for 2 indices, one based on the probit transformation and the other based on the logistic distribution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
38.
介绍了集团变分法的集团概率变量、配置熵等统计分析的理论基础及Helmholtz自由能的描述模型.提出了巨势及相对化学势的几何分析理论.讨论了应用集团变分法和巨势分析理论进行相平衡计算的过程,并分析了同结构平衡相图计算的若干实例. 相似文献
39.
Sipra Mahapatra Turaga P. Prasad 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,53(2):201-203
Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO4 was carried out in the presence of metallic iron in order to prevent the formation of iron(III) oxides with strongly bonded sulphate. Under the conditions of the experiment, the products were found to be mixtures of ?-Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH. The occluded sulphate, if any, could be easily washed out with water. The hydrolysis reaction passes through an equilibrium state before coming to completion. The entropy with enthalpy of the hydrolysis corresponding to the equilibrium state were found to be 4 e.u. and 0·5 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was found to be 21 kJ/mol. 相似文献
40.
基于耗散结构理论和灰色关联熵的水资源系统演化方向判别模型研究 总被引:42,自引:3,他引:39
水资源系统是一耗散结构,本文以水资源量作为序参量,来描述水资源系统的有序性和演化方向。依据协同学理论,水资源系统要维持有序就要求经济、社会、生态子系统相互协调,系统序参量之间相互协同。应用耗散结构理论和灰色系统理论,把灰关联度与熵结合起来,以序参量为基础,建立了基于灰关联熵的水资源系统演化方向的判别模型,为水资源系统分析提供了新方法。并将该模型应用于黄河流域水资源系统的演化评价,为实施临界调控提供了依据。 相似文献